I-heater kagesi iyisisetshenziswa sokushisa sikagesi esidumile emhlabeni wonke.Isetshenziselwa ukufudumeza, ukugcinwa kokushisa kanye nokufudumeza uketshezi olugelezayo kanye ne-gaseous media.Lapho indawo yokushisa idlula ekamelweni lokushisa le-heater kagesi ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela, isimiso se-fluid thermodynamics sisetshenziselwa ukususa ukushisa okukhulu okukhiqizwa isici sokushisa kagesi, ukuze izinga lokushisa lendawo eshisayo lihlangane. izidingo zobuchwepheshe zomsebenzisi.
Ukushisa Kokumelana
Sebenzisa umphumela we-Joule wamanje kagesi ukuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla ashisayo ukushisisa izinto.Imvamisa ihlukaniswe ngokushisa okuqondile kokumelana nokushisa okungaqondile kokumelana.I-voltage yokunikeza amandla yangaphambili isetshenziswa ngokuqondile entweni ezoshiswa, futhi uma kukhona ukugeleza kwamanje, into ezoshiswa (njengensimbi yokushisisa kagesi) izoshisa.Izinto ezingashiswa ngokuqondile ngendlela ephikisayo kumele kube amakhondatha ane-resistivity ephezulu.Njengoba ukushisa kukhiqizwa entweni evuthayo ngokwayo, kungokwangaphakathi kokushisa kwangaphakathi, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kuphezulu kakhulu.Ukushisa okungaqondile kokumelana nokushisa kudinga izinto ezikhethekile ze-alloy noma izinto ezingezona ezensimbi ukwenza izakhi zokushisa, ezikhiqiza amandla okushisa futhi zidlulisele entweni evuthayo ngokusebenzisa imisebe, i-convection kanye ne-conduction.Njengoba into ezoshiswa kanye nesici sokushisa sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, izinhlobo zezinto okufanele zishiswe ngokuvamile azikhawulelwe, futhi ukusebenza kulula.
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukushisa okushisayo kokushisa okungaqondile ngokuvamile zidinga ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, i-coefficient encane yokushisa yokumelana, ukuguqulwa okuncane ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi akulula ukugqama.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa izinto zensimbi ezifana ne-iron-aluminium alloy, i-nickel-chromium alloy, nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezifana ne-silicon carbide ne-molybdenum disilicide.Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lezinto zokushisa zensimbi lingafinyelela ku-1000～1500℃ ngokusho kohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo;izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lezinto ezingezona ezensimbi zokushisa lingafinyelela ku-1500 ~ 1700℃.Lesi sakamuva kulula ukuyifaka futhi singashintshwa yisithando somlilo esishisayo, kodwa sidinga isilawuli se-voltage lapho sisebenza, futhi ukuphila kwayo kufushane kunezinto zokushisa i-alloy.Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa eziko lokushisa eliphezulu, izindawo lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula izinga lokushisa elivumelekile lokusebenza lezinto zokushisa zensimbi nezinye izikhathi ezikhethekile.
I-Induction Heating
I-conductor ngokwayo ishiswa umphumela wokushisa owenziwe yi-current induced (i-eddy current) ekhiqizwa umqhubi endaweni ye-electromagnetic eshintshanayo.Ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zenqubo yokushisisa, imvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla e-AC asetshenziswa ekushisiseni kokungeniswa kuhlanganisa imvamisa yamandla (50-60 Hz), imvamisa emaphakathi (60-10000 Hz) kanye nefrikhwensi ephezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-10000 Hz).Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvama kwamandla amandla kagesi e-AC avame ukusetshenziswa embonini, futhi imvamisa yamandla amaningi emhlabeni ingu-50 Hz.I-voltage esetshenziswa kudivayisi yokungenisa amandla kagesi wefrikhwensi yokushisisa okungeniswayo kufanele ilungiswe.Ngokusho kwamandla emishini yokushisa kanye nomthamo wenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamandla, amandla kagesi aphezulu (6-10 kV) angasetshenziswa ukunikeza amandla nge-transformer;imishini yokushisa nayo ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile kugridi yamandla aphansi we-voltage angu-380.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvama okumaphakathi kusebenzise isethi yejeneretha yamafrikhwensi amaphakathi isikhathi eside.Iqukethe i-generator ephakathi kwamafrikhwensi kanye ne-asynchronous motor eshayelayo.Amandla okukhipha amayunithi anjalo ngokuvamile aba phakathi kwama-kilowatts angu-50 kuya kwangu-1000.Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, i-thyristor inverter intermediate frequency power supply isetshenzisiwe.Lokhu kunikezwa kwamandla okuvama okumaphakathi kusebenzisa i-thyristor ukuze iqale iguqule imvamisa yamandla eshintshashintshayo yamanje ibe eyamanje eqondile, bese iguqulela owamanje oqondile ube owamanje oshintshanayo wefrikhwensi edingekayo.Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, isisindo esilula, akukho msindo, ukusebenza okuthembekile, njll. kwalesi sixhobo sokuguqula imvamisa, kancane kancane singene esikhundleni sesethi ye-generator ephakathi nendawo.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvama kakhulu kuvame ukusebenzisa isiguquli ukuze kukhushulwe i-voltage yezigaba ezintathu ezingama-380 volt ku-voltage ephezulu engaba ngu-20,000 volts, bese kusebenzisa i-thyristor noma i-silicon rectifier ephezulu ukuze kulungiswe imvamisa yamandla eshintshashintshayo yamanje ibe yamanje eqondile, bese usebenzisa ishubhu ye-electronic oscillator ukuze ulungise imvamisa yamandla.I-Direct current iguqulwa ibe yi-high frequency, high voltage alternating current.Amandla okukhiphayo wempahla yokuphakelwa kwamandla emvamisa ephezulu asukela kumashumi ama-kilowatts ukuya kumakhulu ama-kilowatts.
Izinto ezishisiswe ngokungeniswa kumele kube amakhondakta.Lapho i-high-frequency alternating current idlula ku-conductor, umqhubi ukhiqiza umphumela wesikhumba, okungukuthi, ubuningi bamanje ebusweni bomqhubi bukhulu, futhi ubuningi bamanje phakathi nendawo yomqhubi buncane.
Ukushisa kwe-induction kungashisisa ngokulinganayo into yonke kanye nongqimba olungaphezulu;ingancibilikisa insimbi;emazingeni aphezulu, shintsha ukwakheka kwekhoyili yokushisisa (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-inductor), futhi ingakwazi futhi ukushisisa indawo ngokungenamthetho.
I-Arc Heating
Sebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elikhiqizwe i-arc ukushisa into.I-Arc iyisenzo sokukhishwa kwegesi phakathi kwama-electrode amabili.I-voltage ye-arc ayiphezulu kodwa yamanje inkulu kakhulu, futhi amandla ayo anamandla agcinwa yinani elikhulu lama-ion ahwamukile ku-electrode, ngakho-ke i-arc ithinteka kalula yizibuthe ezizungezile.Lapho kwakhiwa i-arc phakathi kwama-electrode, izinga lokushisa lekholomu ye-arc lingafinyelela ku-3000-6000K, elifanele ukuncibilikiswa kwezinsimbi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokushisa kwe-arc, ukufudumeza kwe-arc okuqondile nokungaqondile.I-arc current yokushisa kwe-arc eqondile idlula ngokuqondile entweni ezoshiswa, futhi into ezoshiswa kufanele ibe i-electrode noma i-medium ye-arc.I-arc current yokushisa kwe-arc engaqondile ayidluli entweni eshisayo, futhi ishiswa ngokuyinhloko ukushisa okukhishwa yi-arc.Izici zokushisa kwe-arc yilezi: izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-arc namandla agxilile.Kodwa-ke, umsindo we-arc mkhulu, futhi izici zayo ze-volt-ampere ziyizici ezingezinhle zokumelana (izici zokuwa).Ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kwe-arc lapho i-arc ishisa, inani elisheshayo le-voltage yesifunda likhulu kunevelu ye-voltage eqala i-arc lapho i-arc current inqamula khona manjalo iwela uziro, futhi ukuze kukhawulwe i-short-circuit current, i-resistor yenani elithile kufanele ixhunywe kuchungechunge kumjikelezo wamandla.
I-Electron Beam Heating
Ubuso bento bushisiswa ngokuqhunyiswa ngebhomu kwendawo yento ngama-electron ahamba ngesivinini esikhulu ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi.Ingxenye eyinhloko yokushisa kwe-electron beam ijeneretha ye-electron beam, eyaziwa nangokuthi isibhamu se-electron.Isibhamu se-electron sakhiwe ikakhulukazi i-cathode, i-condenser, i-anode, i-lens kagesi kanye nekhoyili yokuphambuka.I-anode igxiliwe, i-cathode ixhunywe endaweni ephakeme engalungile, i-beam egxiliwe ngokuvamile inamandla afanayo ne-cathode, futhi insimu kagesi esheshayo yenziwa phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode.Ama-electron akhishwa yi-cathode asheshiselwa ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi esheshayo, egxiliswe ilensi kagesi, bese elawulwa ikhoyili ephambukayo, ukuze ugongolo lwe-electron luqondiswe entweni eshisayo endaweni ethile. isiqondiso.
Izinzuzo zokushisisa kwe-electron beam yilezi: (1) Ngokulawula inani lamanje Ie le-electron beam, amandla okushisa angashintshwa kalula futhi ngokushesha;(2) Ingxenye eshisayo ingashintshwa ngokukhululekile noma indawo yengxenye eqhume ngebhomu ye-electron ingalungiswa ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa i-lens ye-electromagnetic;Khulisa ukuminyana kwamandla ukuze okokusebenza endaweni eqhunyiswayo kuhwamuke khona manjalo.
Ukushisisa kwe-infrared
Isebenzisa imisebe ye-infrared ukukhanyisa izinto, ngemva kokuba into imunca imisebe ye-infrared, iguqula amandla akhazimulayo abe amandla okushisa futhi iyashiswa.
I-infrared iyigagasi le-electromagnetic.Ku-spectrum yelanga, ngaphandle kwesiphetho esibomvu sokukhanya okubonakalayo, kungamandla akhazimulayo angabonakali.Ku-spectrum ye-electromagnetic, ububanzi be-wavelength bemisebe ye-infrared buphakathi kwama-microns angu-0.75 no-1000, futhi ububanzi befrikhwensi buphakathi kuka-3 × 10 no-4 × 10 Hz.Kuzicelo zezimboni, i-spectrum ye-infrared ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamabhande amaningana: ama-microns angu-0.75-3.0 ayizifunda eziseduze ne-infrared;3.0-6.0 ama-microns ayizifunda ezimaphakathi ne-infrared;6.0-15.0 microns izifunda ezikude;I-15.0-1000 microns izifunda ezikude kakhulu ne-infrared Area.Izinto ezihlukene zinamakhono ahlukene okumunca imisebe ye-infrared, ngisho nento efanayo inamakhono ahlukene okumunca imisebe ye-infrared yamaza ahlukene.Ngakho-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kokushisisa kwe-infrared, umthombo ofanelekile wemisebe ye-infrared kufanele ukhethwe ngokuya ngohlobo lwento eshisiwe, ukuze amandla emisebe agxile ebangeni lokumuncwa kwe-wavelength yento eshisayo, ukuze uthole ukushisa okuhle. umphumela.
Ukushisa kwe-infrared kagesi empeleni kuyindlela ekhethekile yokushisa kokumelana, okungukuthi, umthombo wemisebe wenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-tungsten, i-iron-nickel noma i-nickel-chromium alloy njenge-radiator.Uma inikwe amandla, ikhiqiza imisebe yokushisa ngenxa yokushisisa kwayo ukumelana.Imithombo yokushisisa ye-infrared kagesi esetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo lwesibani (uhlobo lokubonisa), uhlobo lweshubhu (uhlobo lweshubhu ye-quartz) kanye nohlobo lwepuleti (uhlobo lwe-planar).Uhlobo lwesibani i-infrared bulb ene-tungsten filament njenge-radiator, futhi umcu we-tungsten uvalwe egobolondweni lengilazi eligcwele igesi engasebenzi, njengelabhu lokukhanyisa elivamile.Ngemuva kokuthi irediyetha inikwe amandla, ikhiqiza ukushisa (izinga lokushisa liphansi kunalelo lama-bulb ajwayelekile), ngaleyo ndlela ikhiphe inani elikhulu lemisebe ye-infrared ene-wavelength engaba ngu-1.2 microns.Uma ungqimba olukhanyayo lumbozwe odongeni lwangaphakathi lwegobolondo lengilazi, imisebe ye-infrared ingagxiliswa futhi ikhanye ohlangothini olulodwa, ngakho umthombo wemisebe ye-infrared yohlobo lwesibani ubizwa nangokuthi irediyetha ye-infrared ekhanyayo.Ishubhu lomthombo we-infrared radiation wohlobo lweshubhu lenziwe ngengilazi ye-quartz enocingo lwe-tungsten phakathi, ngakho libizwa nangokuthi i-quartz tube-type infrared radiator.Ubude begagasi bokukhanya kwe-infrared okukhishwa uhlobo lwesibani nohlobo lweshubhu buphakathi kwama-microns angu-0.7 kuya kwangu-3, futhi izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.Ingaphezulu lemisebe yomthombo we-plate-infrared radiation indawo eyisicaba, eyakhiwe ipuleti eliyisicaba lokumelana.Ingaphambili lepuleti lokumelana limbozwe ngento ene-coefficient enkulu yokubonisa, futhi uhlangothi olungemuva lumbozwe ngento ene-coefficient encane yokubonisa, ngakho-ke amandla amaningi okushisa akhishwa ngaphambili.Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lohlobo lwepuleti lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-1000 ℃, futhi lingasetshenziselwa ukunamathisela izinto zensimbi kanye nokushisela kwamapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu neziqukathi.
Ngenxa yokuthi imisebe ye-infrared inamandla okungena aqinile, imuncwa kalula izinto, futhi uma imuncwe izinto, iguqulwa ngokushesha ibe amandla okushisa;ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngaphambi nangemva kokushisa kwe-infrared kuncane, izinga lokushisa kulula ukulawula, futhi izinga lokushisa liphezulu.Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kwe-infrared kuye kwathuthuka ngokushesha.
Ukushisa Okumaphakathi
I-insulating material ishisiswe yinkambu kagesi yefrikhwensi ephezulu.Into eyinhloko yokushisa i-dielectric.Lapho i-dielectric ibekwe endaweni kagesi eshintshanayo, izohlukaniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe (ngaphansi kwesenzo senkundla kagesi, indawo engaphezulu noma ingaphakathi le-dielectric izoba nezindleko ezilinganayo neziphambene), ngaleyo ndlela iguqule amandla kagesi emkhakheni kagesi ukushisa amandla.
Imvamisa yensimu kagesi esetshenziselwa ukushisa kwe-dielectric iphezulu kakhulu.Kumabhendi amaphakathi, amagagasi amafushane kanye ne-ultra-short-wave, imvamisa isuka kumakhulu ambalwa e-kilohertz ukuya ku-300 MHz, okubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa okuphakathi kwe-high-frequency.Uma ingaphezulu kuka-300 MHz futhi ifinyelela ibhande le-microwave, ibizwa ngokuthi i-microwave medium heat.Ngokuvamile ukushisa kwe-dielectric ephezulu-frequency kwenziwa ensimini kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti amabili e-polar;ngenkathi ukushisa kwe-microwave dielectric kwenziwa ku-waveguide, i-resonant cavity noma ngaphansi kwemisebe yenkundla yemisebe ye-antenna ye-microwave.
Uma i-dielectric ishisiswe endaweni kagesi yefrikhwensi ephezulu, amandla kagesi amuncwa ngeyunithi ngayinye engu-P=0.566fEεrtgδ×10 (W/cm)
Uma ivezwa ngokushisa, kungaba:
H=1.33fEertgδ×10 (cal/sec·cm)
lapho u-f kuwukuphindaphinda kwenkambu kagesi yefrikhwensi ephezulu, u-εr ukuvumela okuhlobene kwe-dielectric, δ i-engeli yokulahlekelwa kwe-dielectric, futhi u-E amandla enkambu kagesi.Kungabonakala kufomula yokuthi amandla kagesi amuncwa i-dielectric esuka kunkambu kagesi yemvamisa ephezulu alingana nesikwele samandla enkundla kagesi u-E, i-frequency f yenkundla kagesi, kanye ne-engeli yokulahlekelwa engu-δ ye-dielectric. .U-E no-f kunqunywa inkambu kagesi esetshenziswayo, kuyilapho u-εr kuncike ezicini ze-dielectric ngokwayo.Ngakho-ke, izinto zokushisa okuphakathi ngokuyinhloko ziyizinto ezinokulahlekelwa okukhulu okuphakathi.
Ekushiseni kwe-dielectric, njengoba ukushisa kukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwe-dielectric (into ezoshiswa), isivinini sokushisa siyashesha, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kuphezulu, futhi ukushisa kufana nokuqhathaniswa nokunye ukushisa kwangaphandle.
Ukushisa kwemidiya kungasetshenziswa embonini ukushisisa ama-gel ashisayo, okusanhlamvu okomile, iphepha, izinkuni, nezinye izinto ezine-fibrous;ingakwazi futhi ukushisa amapulasitiki ngaphambi kokubunjwa, kanye ne-rubber vulcanization kanye nokubopha ngokhuni, ipulasitiki, njll. Ngokukhetha imvamisa yensimu kagesi efanele kanye nedivayisi, kungenzeka ukushisa i-adhesive kuphela lapho ushisa i-plywood, ngaphandle kokuthinta i-plywood ngokwayo. .Ukuze uthole izinto ezi-homogeneous, ukushisa kwenqwaba kungenzeka.
I-Jiangsu Weineng Electric Co., Ltd ingumkhiqizi womsebenzi wezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-heater kagesi yezimboni, yonke into yenziwe ngokwezifiso efektri yethu, sicela wabelane ngomusa ngezidingo zakho ezinemininingwane, khona-ke singahlola imininingwane bese sikwenzela idizayini.
Oxhumana naye: Lorena
Email: inter-market@wnheater.com
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-11-2022